Echeveria

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Echeveria

Genus that counts dozens of species of succulent plants, originating in Central and South America. They produce dense rosettes of leaves, very compact, with a diameter varying from 2-3 to 10 cm; often from the base of the main rosette thin stolons are produced, at the end of which new rosettes are developed. The leaves are fleshy, oval or triangular, sometimes with a wavy or fringed outer edge; the color is varied, depending on the species the echeverias can be green, greyish, gray-blue, rosy, and there are numerous hybrids.
The leaves form small, more or less large roses depending on the species. In late spring and summer, long stems sprout from the center of the rosette, on which numerous small bell-shaped flowers bloom, odorless, solitary or in clusters, of pink or red color, with upper margin of yellow petals.
In late spring or in summer, from the center of the rosette grows a long stem, on which numerous small bell-shaped flowers bloom, of pink or red color, with upper margin of yellow petals. These succulents are very appreciated for their ease of cultivation, some species can also withstand very harsh temperatures, and can therefore be planted in the rock garden.
Plant appreciated for its beautiful fleshy leaves arranged in a rosette. It is small and compact, and easily grows in places with lots of light and sun.
Echaveria is a succulent or succulent plant native to the arid and desert regions of Central and South America. It belongs to the Crassulaceae family, a genus with more than 150 species and numerous hybrids.
The plant is made up of persistent leaves, very compact, 4 to 30 cm long and 2 to 15 cm broad, often covered with a light down or white bloom. The leaves are fleshy, oval or triangular in shape, with a generally wavy margin and pointed at the apex, of varying color depending on the species: from light green to greyish, from gray-blue to pink.

Echeveria exhibition

The echeverias prefer very bright, sunny or semi-shady locations; during the summer months it is preferable to avoid exposing them excessively to sunlight. Most species fear the cold, and can be grown in a cold greenhouse or even in an apartment; some species may find dwelling in the ground.
The echeverias prefer very bright and sunny positions, but they grow well even in partially shady positions. During the summer months it is preferable to avoid exposing them excessively to sunlight. Most species fear winter cold, so during the winter it is preferable to keep them in a place with a temperature between 130 and 160 C. If, on the other hand, you reserve a position in the plant where it receives a lot of light, it can withstand even a temperature lower.
It is grown in the apartment or in the garden. Some species may find dwelling in the open ground, but only in coastal areas with temperate climate.

Cultivating the ecoveria

Echo is highly valued for its ease of cultivation. In the Mediterranean regions it is cultivated outside all year round, while in areas where during the winter the climate is rigid it is kept inside or in greenhouses because it does not tolerate frosts. Some species can also withstand very low temperatures, and can therefore be used to form borders or embellish a rock garden.
The echoia usually tends to develop producing new leaves in the center of the rosette, while the outermost ones dry and must be removed. Over the years, the stem tends to remain bare at the base with the rosettes at the apex. In this case it is advisable to periodically cut the coarser rosettes and let them root in a sandy soil.

The echo in a nutshell
Family	Crassulaceae
Gender	Echeveria
Type of plant	Fat, decorative plant with flowers
Origin	Central and South America
Vegetation	Perennial
Flowering	Spring and summer
Habit	cespitose
Use	Interior: on windowsills or balconies, greenhouses or verandas. Exterior: flower beds, borders or rock gardens.
Height at maturity	Up to 30 cm
Width at maturity	Up to 50 cm
Growth rate	rapid
Diseases and pests	Aphids and parasites that attack leaves and flowers.
Temperature	Fears cold and frost. Ideal temperature between 70 C and 270 C.

Watering

From March to October water regularly, but only when the ground is well dry; during the cold months water only sporadically, during this time of year the plants cultivated outdoors are usually satisfied with the rains. During the vegetative period provide specific fertilizer for succulent plants, every 20-25 days.
Do not exceed with water and avoid getting the soil soaked. During flowering it is enough to water 1 or 2 times a week, in the other periods it is enough to water every 2 weeks, while in the winter period a watering is enough per month. If you keep them outdoors, the rains are sufficient.
Avoid watering from above by wetting the leaves, and above all the water must not stagnate on the leaves because they would lose the waxy substance or could rot.
Be careful not to leave stagnant water in the saucer if you don't want it to rot. Especially in the months with mild temperatures, don't put more water than necessary. Instead of watering, you can soak the jar in water for a few minutes so that it absorbs the necessary water by itself.

Ground

Echoia prefers light, sandy and well-drained soils. You can use a universal soil by combining coarse sand or perlite.
If you decide to grow it in the open ground, choose a rock garden.
They adapt very well to loose and very well drained soils, rich in organic matter; the echeverias usually tend to develop producing new leaves in the center of the rosette, while the outer ones desiccate and must be removed; over the years it can happen to get a high bare stem, at the apex of which the leaves are found. To avoid this it is possible to periodically cut the rosette of leaves and place it on the ground to make it root.

Multiplication

in spring it is possible to propagate them by seed or leaf cutting; the side shoots or plants that develop at the end of the lateral stolons can be detached from the mother plant and repot individually.

Pests and diseases

Echcverua plants can generally be attacked by cochineal and mites.

Echeveria temperature

The echoia, like all succulent plants, does not tolerate the cold, and prefers temperatures between 130 C and 270 C. For this reason it is possible to grow them outdoors only in regions where the climate is mild even in winter, otherwise , during the winter period, it is necessary to shelter them to protect them from frost.

Composting

From the moment of vegetative growth, it is advisable to mix the water of the waterings every 20-25 days with a liquid fertilizer for succulent plants, rich in phosphorus and potassium, and less nitrogen. If instead it is the granular one, it is sufficient to use it every two to three months.

Propagation of the Echeveria

The propagation of the echo is quite simple and it is possible to make it both leaf cutting and suckers.
For leaf cutting
Just peel off a leaf and let it dry in the open air for a few days. Prepare a vase with a diameter of 8 to 10 cm, shallow, in terracotta, placing at the bottom a layer of pieces of earthenware or balls of expanded clay, add soil made up of peat and sand.
Place the basal part of the leaves in the soil and add the soil leveling the surface. Cover with sand or perlite so that the leaves do not touch the soil directly.
Wet the soil, without drowning the plant, and pay attention to the stagnation of water in the saucer. Place the seedling in a bright place with a temperature not lower than 180 C, keeping the soil moist. You will see that the leaf withers and, laterally, as they sprout new shoots: when they have become sufficiently large, they can be detached and repotted individually.
For suckers
In spring, it is possible to take suckers with a sharp knife. They are left to dry for a few days and then repotted individually. The vase is held in an environment with a temperature of not less than 180 C.

Echeveria: Variety of Echeveria

The genus Echeveria has more than 150 species with many varieties and hybrids.
Echeveria affinis
With thick and fleshy leaves, pointed and covered with a waxy substance. The rosettes measure up to 10 cm in diameter and are practically without stems. Green in color, which tends to become darker when the plants are exposed directly to sunlight.
Flowering: from April onwards. The flowers are red on long stems.
Cultivation: in pots or in planters.
Echeveria agavoides
With thick and fleshy leaves in the shape of a triangle, arranged in a rose of 15 cm in diameter. They have an apple green color and the ends turn red in the sun.
Flowering: from spring to early summer. The flowers are red with yellow edges.
Cultivation: it is cultivated in pots or in planters.
Echeveria elegans
With thick and fleshy leaves, arranged in a rose 10 cm in diameter with almost absent stems. They have a light green color and are covered with silver-white bloom which serves as a protection.
Flowering: in summer. The flowers are pink or yellow. The flower stem reaches 30 cm in height.
Cultivation: it is cultivated in pots or planters, it cannot stand the cold.
Echeveria lilacina
With thick and fleshy leaves, arranged in a rose of 30 cm in diameter. They have a green color and are covered with silver-gray bloom.
Flowering: in summer. The flowers are pink or orange. The flower stem reaches 30 cm in height.
Cultivation: it is cultivated in pots or planters. It is suitable for rock gardens.
Echeveria pulvinata
Thick and fleshy leaves, covered with a light down. In winter the end turns red. It forms a bush that can reach up to 30 cm in height.
Flowering: in summer. The flowers are red or orange.
Cultivation: it is cultivated in pots or planters. It is suitable for rock gardens.

The cultivation of the echo
Cultivation	Crassulaceae
Maintenance	Normal
Exposure	sunny
Ground	Sandy, well-drained
Cleaning / Pruning	Sandy, well-drained It is not pruned, the damaged leaves are removed to prevent them from being attacked by parasites.
Water needs	Medium, but frequent. Avoid water stagnation.
Soil moisture	Moderately damp in summer, dry in winter.
Composting	Fertilizing the soil before planting and fertilizer diluted in water regularly every 20-30 days in the vegetative period.
Where it is planted	Vase, planter, full ground.
Propagation	Leaf cutting or suckers.